Discover How and When to Use “Hands-Only” CPR 
…and learn the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest

This article will round out your CPR training by detailing why this statistically proven “Hands Only” protocol is warranted in certain situations, what those situations are, and how you can apply first aid and this modified CPR technique effectively.

(When performing the traditional method of CPR, there are 30 chest compressions made at a rate of 100 per minute for every two breaths given to the victim.)

Permission has been granted to post this important article, written by Sarah Gehrke, MSN, RN and published by David Patterson, Pacific Medical Training.

For more information, visit the Pacific Medical Learning Library link below:

https://pacificmedicalacls.com/acls-guide-to-hands-only-cpr.html

Learn this crucial first aid CPR practice that may save a life!

“As of 2008, the use of hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) became the best practice when attempting to revive victims of cardiac arrest. This is a change from the previous guidelines, which support the use of both chest compression and mouth-to-mouth ventilation.

Hands-Only CPR does not eliminate the need for conventional CPR. Based on three major studies and the agreement from the American Heart Association’s Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee, the hands-only method works just as well when performed on adults.

Hands-only CPR is beneficial in helping to resolve any unease that untrained bystanders may have about performing CPR due to health concerns regarding mouth-to-mouth ventilation. An increase in bystander participation in cases of cardiac arrest may help to improve the victim’s chances of survival.

When to Implement Hands-Only CPR

Implement hands-only CPR when an adult suddenly collapses and is unresponsive.

There are two basic steps to remember, which makes this method a better option for people who are uncomfortable with, or untrained in, conventional CPR methods.

1. Upon seeing the victim collapse, 911 should immediately be notified either by the person who is preparing to perform CPR or if there are other people nearby, one of them should be instructed to make the call; this saves the CPR provider valuable time.
2. Immediately after placing the call, firm chest compressions should be started at a rate of 100 beats per minute until emergency personnel arrives. There is no need for mouth-to-mouth ventilation at this time unless the victim needs resuscitation due to drowning, carbon monoxide poisoning, or some other incident which involves a lack of oxygen before the collapse.

Note: When performing the traditional method of CPR, there must be 30 chest compressions made at a rate of 100 per minute for every two breaths given to the victim.

Cardiac Arrest Versus Heart Attack

The term cardiac arrest throws some people off—it is often used interchangeably with heart attack, but they are two different scenarios.

Heart attacks usually occur because a block in an artery prevents blood rich oxygen from reaching the heart. Classic symptoms include: gripping, heavy chest pain that may often spreads to the jaw, either arm, or the back; difficulty breathing; nausea; or fatigue.

Cardiac arrest is when the normal heartbeat is interrupted. The lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, chaotically quiver (ventricular fibrillation), race (ventricular tachycardia), or may stop pumping altogether—blood then stops circulating. During a cardiac arrest, the victim will suddenly collapse and lose consciousness—the brain is not getting the blood it needs. Other systems, such as the respiratory system, quickly shut down.

The confusion about the difference between cardiac arrest and heart attack is that a heart attack is a common trigger of cardiac arrest. People with “clean” coronary arteries are victim of cardiac arrest as well, for various reasons, including defects in the systems that pump the heart.

Approximately each year, 300,000 Americans suffer cardiac arrest outside of a hospital. Cardiac arrest is often dramatized as occurring in a public place; however, 80% of the time people are in a residential setting or at home. Some stereotypes to ring some factuality: the prototypical victim is a man in his 50s or 60s.

Statistics: Hands-Only CPR

It is estimated that 94% of people suffering from sudden cardiac arrest die before reaching the hospital. Part of this because only 24% of these victims received any type of CPR from bystanders upon collapse.

The chance of survival when hands-only CPR is given doubles and may even triple if delivered in a timely fashion.

The journal of Heart, Lungs, and Vessels reports that based on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Arizona, between 2005 and 2009, 13.3% of the patients who received hands-only CPR survived.

When it came to the patients that were given conventional CPR, only 7.8% survived; this was, however, still better than the 5.2% survival rate of those who did not receive any form of CPR.”

Resources

Chest-Compression-Only CPR (CCO-CPR): https://heart.arizona.edu/cpr-advances

Chest Compression-Only CPR: A Meta-Analysis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987687/

Bystander-Initiated Chest Compression-Only CPR is Better Than Standard CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484593/

What is a Heart Attack: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/heartattack

What is Sudden Cardiac Arrest: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/scda

The Circulatory System: https://scribeschool.net/circulatory-system-info-for-scribes.html

Written by Sarah Gehrke, MSN, RN and last updated April 7, 2017

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Let’s all hug a tree! Or all trees for that matter!

Happy hiking and enjoy some “Tree Wisdom” during your Spring trek!

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And of course, always honor, respect, and protect our environment.

It starts with loving intention, and ends with positive action.

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Packing the ‘Ten Essentials’ when you go into back country, even on day hikes, is a great safety habit. Although typically you may use only a few of these items, you may never fully appreciate the value of the ‘Ten Essentials’ until you are in a situation where your life depends on them.

Remember first and foremost: Knowledge is the most important key to safety but it is not mentioned on this list.

Having items in your pack has no value unless you understand how to use them. You can talk about the ‘Ten Essentials’ but the most important essential is ‘between your ears’!

   Classic Ten Essentials

1. Map

2. Compass

3. Sunglasses and sunscreen

4. Extra clothing

5. Headlamp/flashlight

6. First-aid supplies

7. Firestarter

8. Matches

9. Knife

10. Extra food

Updated Ten Essential “Systems”

1. Navigation (map and compass)

2. Sun protection (sunglasses and sunscreen)

3. Insulation (extra clothing)

4. Illumination (headlamp/flashlight)

5. First-aid supplies

6. Fire (waterproof matches/lighter/candles)

7. Repair kit and tools

8. Nutrition (extra food)

9. Hydration (extra water)

10. Emergency shelter

1. Navigation

A map and compass are now viewed as 2 components of a navigation system. Add a wrist altimeter, a GPS and you can see how the ‘Systems’ approach to the Ten Essentials can easily total more than 10 individual items.

Bring a topographic map  on any outing that involves more than a short, impossible-to-miss path or well populated nature trail.

A compass, combined with map-reading knowledge, is a vital tool in case you become disoriented in the back country. Have high-tech GPS receivers made compasses obsolete? No. A compass weighs next to nothing and does not rely on batteries.

An altimeter is a worthwhile navigational extra to consider. It uses a barometric sensor to measure air pressure and provide a close estimate of your elevation—information that helps you track your progress and determine your location on a map.

2. Sun Protection

Sunglasses are indispensable, and you’ll need extra-dark glacier glasses if you’re planning prolonged travel on snow or ice.

When choosing sunscreen  health experts advise choosing 1) a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15 to SPF 30, and 2) one that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. And don’t overlook SPF-rated lip balm.         

For extended treks, wear lightweight, synthetic sun-protection clothing that comes with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF).

3. Insulation

Bring additional layers of clothing in case conditions abruptly turn wet, windy or chilly.

Clothing should be selected according to the season. Ask this question: What is needed to survive the worst conditions that could be realistically encountered on this trip?”

Common options include an extra layer of underwear (tops and bottoms), an insulating hat or extra socks and a synthetic jacket or vest, and a Mylar Blanket to wear inside jackets or wrap around clothing.

Shop Patch Up Products Mylar Emergency Blanket Kit  https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N54TPTP

4. Illumination

Headlamps are the light source of choice in the back country because they are hands-free, small, lightweight, and have a long battery life.

A strobe mode headlamp is a great option as headlamps have their longest battery life while in strobe mode.

Flashlights and packable lanterns also have value. Some flashlights cast very powerful beams and are useful for signaling during emergencies.

Always carry spare batteries. Every member of a back country party should carry their own light.

5. First-aid Supplies

Pre-assembled first aid kits take the guesswork out of building your own kit, and many people personalize these kits to suit individual needs. All kits should include treatments for blisters, many adhesive bandages of various sizes, several gauze pads and rolls, adhesive tape, disinfecting wipes, instant ice pack, scissors and tweezers.

It is  also advised to carry a compact first aid guide for treating medical emergencies.

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6. Fire

Matches: Use a waterproof variety, or good quality matches ( not the flimsy cardboard type) stored in a waterproof container. Take plenty and ensure they are kept dry. Mechanical lighters are handy, but always carry some matches as a backup.

Firestarter: As the name implies, a firestarter is a material that helps you jump-start a fire. The ideal firestarter ignites quickly and sustains heat for more than a few seconds. Candidates include dry tinder, candles, heat “nuggets” (chipped-wood clusters soaked in resin) and even lint trappings from a household clothes dryer to pack and bring along.

7. Repair Kit and Tools

Knives or multitools are handy for gear repair, food preparation, first aid, making kindling or other emergency needs. A basic knife should have at least 1 foldout blade, 1 or 2 flathead screwdrivers, can opener, and foldout scissors.

If you carry a self-inflating mattress, bring a repair kit for it.

Here’s a classic tip for carrying the basics of a poor-man’s repair kit: Wrap strips of duct tape (the universal fix-it product) around your water bottle or trekking poles so you can repair any problem you encounter  the back country.

8. Nutrition (extra food)

Always pack at least an extra day’s worth of food. Best items are freeze dried and no-cook items with long storage times such as extra energy bars, nuts, dried fruits or jerky.

9. Hydration (extra water)

Carry at least 1 water bottle and a collapsible water reservoir. Bring some means for purifying  water, whether it’s a filter/purifier or chemical treatment.

When beginning a long hike, consult your map and try to identify possible water sources. Re-supply  at the last obvious water source before beginning a stretch of unpredictable water availability.

10. Emergency Shelter

Shelter is a new component in the updated ‘Ten Essentials’, one that is targeted to Day Trippers in the event of an overnight emergency situation. (Overnight wilderness adventurers will already be prepared with shelter.) The best option is one or several emergency Mylar blankets that ‘pack small’  and weigh just ounces.

Shop Patch Up Mylar Blanket Kit https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N54TPTP

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HAPPY AND SAFE ADVENTURING!

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Wishing You a Happy, Joyous, Safe and Fabulous New Year!

This year promises much needed change for the better.

Remember to breathe, stay centered and focus on a bright and positive outcome.

Your energy and vision will empower yourself and the world.

We truly appreciate our followers and customers, and send you all heartfelt blessings with gratitude.

May all of  your dreams come true in 2017.

Peace, Love and Joy,
From the ‘Family’ at Patch Up Products

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Another Great Reason to Choose Our First Aid Products!

Grab super exclusive discounts as a great big ‘thank you’ to all of our fantastic customers! Our VIP Club members get the BEST super sales and discounts that are only for customers and not available to anyone else.

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Our mission is to provide safety, protection and well- being to the lives of all whom we touch  through peace of mind in being prepared and protected through  life’s emergencies. And rest assured, everything is FDA and CE approved assuring highest quality.

Wishing You a Safe and Joyous Holiday,
Claire King
Your Personal Product Manager

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Learn What an American Red Cross Expert Recommends

To be prepared for common accidents and injuries, every parent needs a well-stocked first aid kit and other essential emergency items at home and while on the go, says David Markenson, M.D., chair of the American Red Cross Advisory Council on First Aid, Aquatics, Safety, and Preparedness.

Kits for the house and car should compact yet be big enough to hold a wide range of supplies.  Stroller kits can be pared down by keeping just a few of each of the essential items.

Here are the basic recommended items your first aid kit should always include:

• Breathing barrier (if you need to administer CPR to a stranger)
• Tweezers (to remove splinters or ticks)
• Scissors
• Bite and sting relief packets
• Alcohol wipes (to clean scissors, tweezers and wounds)
• Hand wipes (for when water is not available)
• Antibiotic cream or burn cream (to prevent infection)
• Non-latex gloves (use when treating a wound)
• Thermometer (non-mercury, non-glass)
• Emergency blanket (to prevent heat loss after large burns and to treat for shock)
• Instant cold pack (to control swelling)
• Adhesive bandages..small, medium and large sizes

Additional suggested items for increased first aid preparedness:

•  Gauze pads…several sizes
• Non-adherent gauze wound pads..for burns
• Gauze rolls to wrap cuts, injuries and sprains
• Elastic bandage to wrap sprains
• First aid adhesive tape to secure gauze
• Triangular bandage for a sling to immobilize and protect injured arms and shoulders
• Eye patches
• Tourniquet to stop uncontrollable bleeding
• Face masks to prevent  infection and filter smoke and debris from air
• Safety pins
• Cotton buds
• Tongue depressors

Other additions:

First Aid Kits do not typically include over the counter pain medication, antihistamines, or other medicines you or your child may require, for safety and liability reasons. Customize your first aid kit by adding personalized items that are crucial to your family’s health and wellbeing.

Where can I get a high quality comprehensive first aid kit?

The Patch-Up Family First Aid Kit has all you will need in providing safety and peace of mind when life happens.

Ideal for Families, Home-Car-Boat-RV-Sports-Camping-Hiking-and While On-The-Go.

Protect Your Loved Ones!

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Following These Guidelines Will Insure a Fun and Safe Halloween

Costumes

• Decorate costumes and bags with reflective tape or stickers and choose light colors if possible.
• Make sure costumes are short enough so your child won’t trip, and be sure to wear practical comfortable shoes to avoid injury.
• Use non-toxic face paint or make-up whenever possible instead of masks, which can obstruct your child’s vision and make it hard to breathe.
• If the costume has a prop that will be carried, choose a soft or rubbery one that won’t cause injury to your child or their friends.
• Don’t carry fake swords, guns, knives or any props or accessories that look authentic.

Parent’s Safety Check List

• Have kids carry glow sticks or flashlights to help them see and be seen by drivers.
• Alert your children to stay on sidewalks and always watch for traffic when crossing the road.
• Review the “stop, drop and roll” procedure in case your child’s costume catches on fire.
• Plan your child’s route and make sure they stick to it.
• Give a curfew time and make sure they have a watch so they can adhere to it.
• Children under the age of 12 should be accompanied by an adult. Have older children go in a group, remain with their friends and not be enticed to go off with others.
• Check all candy before it is eaten. Throw away loose candy, candy that is not in its original wrapper, or looks as though it has been opened.

Older Children’s Safety Check List

• Only visit well lighted houses and do not aproach dark or darkly lit homes.
• Do not enter homes unless they are friends or are known to you.
• Never accept rides from strangers.
• Stay with your original group of friends and do not be enticed to go off with others.
• Respect property and don’t trample through flowerbeds or gardens.
• Pay attention to your surroundings. Be alert for cars and traffic and stay on sidewalks when possible.
• Be polite and say thank you!
• Be home by your designated curfew.

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Preparing for a Fun and Safe Fall Season

Home and Indoors

•  We tend to plug in a lot more devices in the fall and winter increasing potential risk.  Test all smoke alarms and have a family fire drill.  Replace expired fire extinguishers and store them in handy places throughout the house.
• Turn your heat on before the temperatures really plummet and be sure it is working correctly. Call a technician if necessary for a professional evaluation.
• Do not store flammable items near your furnace. This includes clothes, paint products, toxic materials, cardboard etc.
• If you use a portable or space heater, allow at least three feet of empty space around the heater. Turn it off when you leave home and never leave it unattended if you have children or pets. Do not use your space heater as a dryer for hats, gloves or anything else.
• Have your chimneys inspected and cleaned.
• Never use a stove or oven to heat your home.
• Candles create great ambiance but be sure to place them well out of reach of children and pets and always extinguish them when you retire for the evening.

Yard and Outdoors

•  Do a quick check for areas that may need repair before extreme weather hits such as an unsteady roof, loose shingles, warped windowsills or concrete that might be sloping toward the house.
• Use extra caution when cleaning your gutters. Shoes may become wet causing you to slip while climbing a ladder. Make sure the ladder is at the correct angle and on solid ground.
• If you plan are burning leaves, call your local fired department to learn about outdoor burning regulations in your area. Never burn in windy conditions.
• When raking leaves, prevent back injury by standing upright while raking and pull using your arms and legs.  Don’t overfill leaf bags.  Pick them up by bending at the knee and use your legs, with spine straight, while lifting.
• If using a leaf blower, shield yourself by wearing appropriate clothing, boots and eye wear to prevent potential injury from debris.
• Never allow children to play in leaf piles in the street, near the curb or in a driveway.

Autumn Driving Precautions

• During the fall season, deer activity increases, so be alert. Drive slowly in wooded areas. It is best not to swerve around deer in the road. Instead, brake firmly with both hands on the wheel and come to a controlled stop.
• Wet leaves on the road can be very slippery, so use caution.
• Defrost or scrape your windshield before driving. Allow extra time in the morning or during your day for this important precaution.
• Frost and black ice can form on the road without being visible. Be extra cautious and drive slowly in wooded areas, bridges and overpasses, where ice can develop quickly.
• Keep a warm blanket and an emergency kit in your back seat. It should include a flashlight, first-aid kit, jumper cables, windshield washer fluid and basic tools.
• Remember to turn your lights on at dusk.
• Use extra caution while driving through leaves by the curb. Children playing may not be visible.

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